ken Front matter I · Curriculum II · Methods Instrument Procedure Shapes WP1 WP2 WP3 WP4 Register Log III · Protocol mino.mobi

KEN


The measurement of delegated work
Volume 1 A standing curriculum & a protocol Founded 2026

“Beyond your ken” — outside the range of what one can see, or know, or judge. the working definition of the problem

§Aims and scope

This is a study programme with a website attached, rather than a journal with contributors. It exists because a specific question turned out to have a rigorous literature that nobody had assembled: how do you know whether work you did not supervise was any good?

The question is usually treated as new, and it is not. It sits at the intersection of six mature fields: psychometrics, the design of experiments, the economics of delegation, the economics of organisation, the study of proxy failure, and scalable oversight. Each is formidable on its own, and they substantially do not cite one another. The programme's wager is that the intersection is empty for historical rather than intellectual reasons, and that assembling it is worth a year.

The organising claim, which everything here is arranged to test:

Your abstraction ceiling is your measurement ceiling. You cannot delegate at a higher altitude than your ability to tell whether what came back was any good, so an agent that seems unable to climb is very often an evaluator that cannot follow.

Three documents follow. The curriculum is the foundation: seven units, real primary sources, one mathematical model to be derivable in each, and one foundational experiment to be reproduced from scratch. The house standard governs any run published here, and was written from three prior runs in this repository that each failed the same way. The protocol is the experiment the programme is ultimately for, written as a registered report and left with six holes in it, because each hole is a quantity one of the units produces and publishing the holes beats filling them with guesses.

§The roadmap

The programme as a dependency graph. Read it bottom-up: the three prior runs at the base, what was learned from them above that, then the units, each producing an output the protocol needs, and at the top the run itself. Every node is a link.

Figure 1. Prerequisites, not a schedule. An arrow means the lower node must exist before the upper one can be attempted.

The spine, stated late because it took sixteen revisions to find. This began as a question about supervision and became a question about structure. A plan is a graph, and an agent's state is its precedents and nothing else, so position in that graph is measurable before any data exists: nine roles fall out of degree, the automorphism group says which turns may be pooled, and the ratio of what an agent holds to what it answers for is one pass over the edges. That last quantity is what this is named after and it arrived in revision fourteen, not revision one.

Unit IV is where the work went. It was marked blocked while the paper depending on it was marked active, and that survived because every check on this figure concerned geometry and links rather than the claim the colours make. There is a check now. The register carries what is settled and what is not.

§In this volume

Article I A Curriculum in the Measurement of Delegated Work Seven units: the measurement of unobservables; the design of experiments; delegation under unobservable effort; organisation, authority and the division of knowledge; proxy failure made quantitative; judgment as an instrument; oversight beyond your ken. Each with its primary reading, one model to derive, and one experiment to replicate. Thirty-six weeks, honestly estimated. 7 units · 90 works
Article II House Standard for Model Experiments Sixteen rules for running, scoring and reporting a comparison, with the evidence for each. Seven are already practised in this repository's bake-off rig; five respond to a specific way one of the three prior runs failed. Two checklists, one before a run and one before a report. v1.5 · 16 rules
Instrument The Harness A design calculator, and what it says about the runs already paid for. With two samples per cell the bake-offs could only have detected a difference of 2.8 standard deviations; pairing would cut a medium-effect comparison from 126 runs to 38. Includes the result that repeats buy a variance estimate rather than precision. design + graph
WP 1 The Variance of Unattended Work Unit II, worked. A survey of what the design literature already settles, four falsifiable hypotheses about where model-output variance lives, and the simulation that showed the 24-run pilot this programme had just recommended could not estimate the thing it was proposed for. Re-scoped rather than resized. WP1 · with addendum
Article III Does Unattended Work Improve With Turn Count? A Stage 1 registered-report skeleton. Hypotheses that can lose, a three-arm design with a control that is not optional, six named blanks that block registration, and kill criteria stated in advance. No data has been collected under it. skeleton · study 2
Procedure The Standard Run Six turns in four stages, width two, each wave a matched pair. The procedure, the cost tables, and a language experiment: this page is written to the structural rules of ASD-STE100, and the other pages are not. 6 turns
WP 2 The Org Chart of a Six-Turn Run A plan is a graph, so read the org chart off it. Degree gives nine roles by a counting argument; the automorphism group decides which turns may be pooled; the ken ratio is one pass. Six shapes at six turns, then any n, then the ancestry digest that pools across shapes as well as within them. WP2 · Unit IV
WP 3 Six Unattended Turns, in Units of Directed Ones A person at a handoff supplies context and correction. Wiring already buys the first, so price the second: an unattended chain has a defect density it never beats and a directed one does not. Across the plausible parameter space, 30.5% of it admits no chain length at all. With a calculator. WP3 · Unit IV
WP 4 A Theory of the Gate A check is the one thing a turn knows that does not decay, because it is re-run rather than remembered. That removes the floor WP3 found, and then the check turns out to be written by a turn, and what it gets wrong it certifies. A stopping point rather than a target, and three strategies that cross. With a calculator. WP4 · Unit IV
Instrument Shape Explorer Enter a turn budget and see every org chart it admits. The depth against width trade is isoperimetric and the floor is reached; what it does not fix is ken and free replication, which is why the page computes rather than argues. any n ≤ 16
Register Hypothesis Register All seven hypotheses in one place with a status field, the evidence behind that status, and what would refute each. Generated from one list, because they were prose in two papers and one of them went six revisions without recording its own first measurement. 7 · 2 settled
Log Findings Log Fifteen numbered findings in shortest form, each naming the code or record that produced it, including three of our own errors. None yet from new inference, and the ledger at the foot says so. 54 entries
Editorial Three runs, nothing measured What the loop and the two bake-offs recorded, what they did not, and why the second fact is more useful than the first. below

§Editorial: three runs, nothing measured

Three measurement exercises have been run in this repository. All three produced working machinery and none produced a usable comparison.

In August 2026 a budget-governed agent loop issued ninety-nine work orders over about fifty-three hours, of which eighty-nine recorded a completed turn. Its stated deliverable was a curve of quality against turn count, and the number of quality scores it produced was zero. Separately, two bake-off runs gave the same brief to six harness-and-model pairs and scored every result the same way. Across those two runs, twenty-three of twenty-three entries passed every automated check.

None of this is a malfunction. Every component behaved as written. The loop specified three quality signals; one, a liveness probe, was implemented and fired, and the judge that was to combine them was correctly configured to withhold a score while uncalibrated, so it withheld ninety-nine times. The bake-off gate was designed as a floor rather than a grade, and it held as a floor should. In both bake-offs the judge panel that was supposed to break the tie returned null.

The eighty-nine is worse than it looks. Twelve of those runs are flagged infrastructure failures, with a median duration of 61 seconds against 597 for real runs, and nine of the twelve are recorded as having passed the gate. The flag was added part-way through, so twelve is a floor rather than a count: five more of the forty-five unflagged records fall in the duration range where infra failures live. Somewhere between 13% and 19% of the run was the harness failing, scored as though it were work. See L10 and L11.

The signals that did fire are worth looking at, because they are textbook objects. The loop's probe took three distinct values across eighty-nine turns and sat at its maximum in fifty-nine of them, so two thirds of all turns are tied at the top. The bake-off reports rank entries by patch size in bytes, which was never claimed to measure quality and does not. A century-old literature explains why a measure's reliability collapses as it approaches its ceiling, and gives the coefficient that would have caught all three cases before any budget was spent.

There is a smaller failure in the first bake-off that is a different kind of instructive. Two of eleven entries recorded a zero-byte patch while their directories held a fifty-kilobyte page and a working module. The agents did the work and the patch capture returned nothing. Because the report sorts ascending by patch size, those two rows sorted to the top, and nothing in the pipeline noticed.

The temptation is to read these records for a trend anyway. The loop shows a faint downward drift in its probe and a near-doubling of gate failures between halves. Neither will bear weight: the drift is not significant at that sample size, the probe is not a quality measure, and the gate failures are confounded with task difficulty, which nothing recorded controls for. Reporting them as evidence of decline would be the error this programme exists to stop making.

What the three runs do establish is narrower and more useful. The apparatus runs. The instrument does not exist. The order of work implied by those two facts is the reverse of the intuitive one, so this volume puts a curriculum before a standard, and a standard before a single further turn.

§Standing notes

On the bibliography. Every work cited on this site is real, and every citation is a key into a shared bibliography module that an offline test checks on every build: a dangling reference fails the build rather than rendering a broken bracket at a reader. Nothing here is cited that is not intended to be read.

This is worth a machine check rather than good intentions, because the site next door at wormhole.mino.mobi generates entire fictional literatures — plausible papers, plausible citations, plausible fields, all of it invented. The two surfaces are a matched pair. One is a demonstration of how easily an apparatus of scholarship can be counterfeited; the other had better be able to prove it is not counterfeit.

On status. Both documents are living. The curriculum will be revised as units are completed, and the protocol's blanks will be closed one at a time. Neither is a finished claim, and the dates on the revisions are the honest record of pace.

ken · a study programme in the measurement of delegated work
Part of mino.mobi. Sibling surfaces: wormhole (generated literatures), loop (the apparatus under study), math (the explainer pack).